海南岛东部海域生物污损研究

INVESTIGATION OF BIOFOULING IN OFFSHORE AREAS EAST OF HAINAN ISLAND, THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

于1989年10月—1990年6月，在位于海南岛东部海域的琼东和琼东南海区，分别布设W1（距岸68nmile）和J2（距岸23nmile）两个浮标站，进行生物污损的挂板试验。结果表明，该海域人工设施的生物污损主要由热带、亚热带海区常见种类引起，其中水螅、有柄蔓足类和牡蛎为上述两个站位的共同优势种；而无柄蔓足类主要分布在近岸的J2站。表层试板的生物污损程度远高于中、底层试板，且污损生物群落具有明显的垂直分带现象。

To understand the extent and type of biofouling on artifical structures, two buoy stations,W1 (68n miles offshore) and J2 (23n miles offshore), were estabished in the offshore areas to the east of Hainan Island, the South China Sea. At each station, iron frames bearing test panels were Placed at five depths, i.e 1, 10, 25, 50 and 100m below the sea surface; the experiments continued for 8 months from October 1989 to June 1990. The results are as follows. (1) A total of 59 species were involved in fouling, in which hydroids, gooseneck bamacles and oysters were themajor fouling organisms at both stations. (2) Bryozoans and anemones only occurred at Station J2. Acom bamacles were mainly found at the same site. (3) With increasing distance from the shore line, the biomass percentage and species number of acom bamacles and oysters decreased significantly. (4) Intensive fouling is restricted to the upper 10m, where the test panels were heavily fouled and the maximum biomass were obtained. There was a substantial reduction of biomass and species diversity towards the sea bed, particulary at the 100m depth. (5) A conspicuous vertical zonation of fouling communities was observed. Based upon these results, the patterns of biofouling on marine structures in these offshore waters are closely related to the geographical location and the water depth.