小麦雄性不育系BNS及其杂种F_1的育性分析

Analysis on the Fertility of Wheat Male-sterile Line BNS and Its F_1 Hybrids

为探讨小麦雄性不育系BNS在小麦杂种优势利用中的应用价值,采用BNS分期播种、F1正常秋播的方法,对其育性表现进行了分析研究。结果表明：（1）正常或稍早秋播时BNS表现高度不育,国内、国际法自交结实率分别为0.23%-1.77%、0.27%-4.06%,晚播时不育转换成可育,临界播期为10月17日;（2）BNS年际间不育性遗传稳定,且雌蕊活性正常,极易接受外来花粉,国内、国际法饱和授粉结实率分别为79.94%-85.26%、93.58%-100.20%;（3）BNS花粉碘染为圆败型,F1花粉碘染有典败、染败和正常三种类型;（4）BNS不育系具有可恢复性。32个F1代中,有3个组合的国际法结实率〈5%,花粉败育率达96%以上,29个的自交结实率为6.28%-156.57%（国际法）,其中BNS/SN055525的恢复度最高,国内、国际法结实率分别为95.85%、156.57%,花粉败育率仅为2.02%,结实正常。综上所述,BNS具有早播或正常播不育、晚播可育的特性,且不育性能够稳定遗传,在常规品种（系）中可筛选出高恢复度的恢复系用于杂交制种。

In order to study the fertility of wheat thermo-photo-sensitiv male-sterile line BNS and its F1 hybrid, the method of interval sowing and normal autumn sowing were employed in this experiment to analyze self-seedset rate of BNS and its F1 hybrids, respectively. Result showed that BNS was a kind of malesterile line with high sterility sowing in normal autumn and earlier dates, and the self-seedset rates by national and international methods ranged from 0.23% to 1.77% and 0.27% to 4.06%, respectively. BNS exhibited fertility in the later sowing dates, and the critical sowing date was 17th October. The fertility of BNS was stable in different years. The self-seedset rates by national and international methods of artificial saturation pollination ranged from 79.94% to 85.9.6 % and 93.58% to 100.20%, respectively, which indicated that its pistil was normal and easy to accept pollens from others. The pollen of BNS was spherical abortion type after iodine staining, and its F1 hybrids had three types： typical abortion type, stained abortion type, and normal type. The fertility could be restored. In 32 combinations of F1 hybrids, self-seedset rates of three F1 hybrids were below 5% and their pollen sterility rates were up to 96%, the others were from 6.28% to 156.57%, and fertility restoring degree of SN055525 was the best with its F1 hybrid selfsecdset rate of 95.85% （national method） and 156.57% （international method） and pollen sterility rate of 2.02 %. Above all, BNS was a kind of ecological male-sterile line with characteristics of high sterility innormal autumn sowings and fertility in later sowings, and its fertility was easy to be restored by normal varieties. So BNS had application potential on heterosis utilization of wheat.