氮肥施用量及施用时期对小麦品质性状的影响

Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Amount and Application Period on Wheat Quality

为了探明不同氮肥运筹对西南麦区小麦品质性状的影响,以小麦品种(系)R210和川农25为材料,采用2因素3水平随机区组设计研究了施氮量及施氮时期对小麦品质性状的影响。结果表明,蛋白质及其组分含量、干面筋含量、沉淀值和稳定时间、粉质质量指数均随施氮量的增加而提高。施氮时期对品质性状的影响表现为:全施底肥有利于提高沉淀值、粉质质量指数及醇溶蛋白含量;采用底肥∶三叶期肥=1∶1的方式有利于提高GMP含量;采用底肥∶三叶期肥∶孕穗期肥=5∶2∶3的方式,有利于提高干面筋的含量,降低弱化度。不同品种的优质栽培方式不同,R210以底肥∶三叶期肥∶孕穗期肥=5∶2∶3,施用纯氮18 g/m2品质最优,川农25以全施底肥,施用纯氮18 g/m2品质最优。

To investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer amount and application period on wheat quality in southwest of china, two wheat cultivars （Lines） R210 and CN25 were used with three application rates of N, and the random block design was used in the experiment. The results showed that the crude protein content, the contents of protein component, dry gluten content, SDS-sedimentation volume, dough stability time and quality number increased obviously with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount. The effects of proportion of topdressing nitrogen on qualities of wheat were as.. the base application of whole fertilizer was beneficial to improve SDS-sedimentation volume, dough quality number and glidian content; The application of fertilizer as base ： topdressing at three leaf period= 1 ： 1 was benefit to improve GMP content, fertilizer as base ： topdressing at three leaf period ： topdressing at booting stage= 5 ： 2 ： 3 was benefit to improve dry gluten content and reduce the degree of softening. For R210, 18 g/m^2 nitrogen fertilizer was applied as base ： topdresing at three leaf period ： topdressing at booting stage= 5 ： 2 ： 3 ; for CN25, 18 g/m^2 nitrogen fertilizer amount were applied as base fertilizer, the quality could be the best.