冬小麦高产高效应变栽培技术研究

Study on High-yield,High-efficiency and Adapting Cultivating Technology in Winter Wheat

为探讨全球气候变暖对中国小麦生产的影响和采取相应的应对措施,针对当前中国小麦生产中存在的主要问题,搜集整理中国北京1951-2007年小麦越冬前的气温数据,以及河北省赵县、高邑县、任丘市,河南省郑州市、新乡县,山东省济南市、兖州市等三省7地近年来小麦越冬前的气温数据,研究分析中国北方冬麦区小麦越冬前积温变化规律,提出根据气温变化调整播种期的理论依据和具体措施。结合多年试验结果和生产实践,研究提出根据优势蘖理论调整基本苗,根据小麦水肥高效利用原理和节本增效原则节省返青水和节省氮肥用量。结果表明,应在传统播期基础上推迟播期5-7 d,基本苗应控制在12万-20万株/666.7m^2,一般年份不灌返青水,在习惯施氮量的基础上减少氮素1-3 kg/666.7m^2,建立以调整播期、调整基本苗和省水、省肥为核心内容的冬小麦高产高效应变栽培技术体系。

To study the effect of globe warming on wheat production and to adapting cultivating measure, to deal with the main problems in wheat production in China, we collected the temperature data at wheat pre-overwinter period from 1951 to 2007 in Beijing area, and in recent years in Zhaoxian county, Gaoyi county, Renqiu city of Hebei province, Zhengzhou city, Xinxiang county of Henan province, Jinan city and Yanzhou city of Shandong province. We studied the change of cumulative temperature in wheat pre-overwinter in northern winter wheat area, and proposed the theory on adjusting seedtime according to the change of temperature and the detailed measures. We proposed to adjust basic seedling based on the superior tiller principle and proposed the economizing reviving water and nitrogen based on the principle of high efficiency of utilizing water and nitrogen and the principle of saving cost and increasing efficiency. The results indicated that seedtime should be postponing 5-7 d than tradition sowing time, the basic seedling should be controlled on 12× 10^4 -20× 10^4 plants/666.7m^2, no reviving water in the normal years, decreasing nitrogen by 1-3 kg/666.7m^2 than usual quantity of nitrogen application. We established the highyield, high-efficiency and adapting cultivating technology system with the core measures of postponing sowingtime, controlling basic seedling, no reviving water and less nitrogen application.