中国西北地区麦二叉蚜与禾谷缢管蚜对小麦黄矮病传毒能力的分析

Analysis of Transmission Capabilities of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus(BYDV) by Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi in Northwest China

为了研究中国西北地区蚜虫对小麦黄矮病的传毒能力,为西北地区防治小麦黄矮病提供参考依据,常温条件下在温室大棚用盆栽小麦做传毒试验,以接种不同数量有毒蚜的小麦苗作为处理,接无毒蚜的小麦苗作为对照。传毒3 d后,在接种麦苗上喷洒药剂彻底杀死蚜虫,充分发病后观察记录小麦黄矮病的发病情况。结果表明,中国西北地区小麦黄矮病的优势介体是麦二叉蚜,但禾谷缢管蚜的传毒能力比以前有所提高。关中地区禾谷缢管蚜的传毒力高于河西地区禾谷缢管蚜的传毒力;三个地区(关中地区、渭北地区、河西地区)麦二叉蚜的传毒力都较高,差别不明显。三个地区两种麦蚜的成蚜传毒力普遍高于其若蚜的传毒力。

Transmission capabilities of BYDV by Schizaphis grarninurn and Rhopalosiphum padi in northwest China were studied. Under the normal temperature, potted wheat was used for the transmission of BYDV experiment in greenhouse. According to the different inoculated amount, various disposals were designed as one, three, and five adult aphids inoculated in one plant, respectively. Three larvae aphids inoculated in one plant. Each plant inoculated with three aphids was used as check. Three days after inoculation, the aphids in the plants were killed by pesticide. The BYDV infection situations were observed and recorded. The transmission capabilities by Schizaphis grarninum and Rhopalosiphum padi were examined. It showed that in northwest China the prominent insect vector of the BYDV was Schizaphis graminum, however, the capability of Rhopalosiphum padi had improved than before. The transmission capability of Rhopalosiphum padi in Guanzhong area was stronger than that in Hexi area. The transmission capabilities of these two adult aphids in three areas examined were higher than that of their larvae. In northwest area, although the difference between the transmission capabilities of these two aphids were not prominent, they had higher capabilities and might present the variation possibility. This would bring more difficulties for preventing and controling the BYDV.