汉语零形回指研究综述

Zero Anaphora in Chinese—the State of Art

回指研究一直是语言学研究的一个热点,回指解析则是文本信息处理中亟待解决的问题之一。传统语言学从句法、语用、篇章、认知角度出发对汉语零形回指进行了广泛的研究。在自然语言处理领域,针对汉语零形回指也有一些颇有影响的研究,如基于向心理论的零形回指解析算法,基于HNC理论的零形回指处理方法,以及基于DRT理论和语义分析等方法提出的汉语零形回指解析方法。该文从语言学角度对这些理论研究进行介绍,旨在指出语言信息工作者在注重工程实践的同时,应关注并借鉴语言学基础理论研究的成果,而从事中文信息处理的语言学家也应加强语言形式化的研究。

Anaphora has always been a focus of linguistic researches, and the anaphora resolution is also of utmost importance to natural language processing （NLP）. This paper introduces theoretical researches on the zero anaphora （ZA） in Chinese from four aspects, namely, syntax, pragmatics, discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics. The paper also summarizes how zero anaphors are used and distributed in different languages and various styles of writing. In terms of natural language processing, there are some substantial researches made on ZA in Chinese, such as the ZA-resolution models based on the Centering Theory, HNC-based analysis of ZA with its chunk-sharing model and DRT theory based efforts. The paper concludes by suggesting that NLP experts should pay more attention to theoretical researches of linguistics, while linguists engaged in this field should also orient their researches toward formalization of natural languages.