中国环境污染责任保险制度框架分析

Framework of Environmental Pollution Liability Insurance System in China

针对中国频繁发生环境污染事故的现实,本文借鉴国内外在环境污染责任保险领域所作的尝试,提出在高风险行业强制性推行环境污染责任保险制度。基于对保险公司、参保企业、环境管理部门和保险监管部门等参与主体的分析,提出中国高风险行业环境污染责任保险制度设计框架。从政策分析的角度,针对建立环境污染责任保险制度的四个关键节点——市场机制、专家系统、政策保障机制和信息交流机制,依次说明该制度的有效性、科学性、法律效力以及公平性等特征。通过进一步分析,提出通过实施保险费率浮动机制发挥市场调节作用、保证该制度的效率;整合多学科的知识和技术为风险管理和决策提供必要的科学支持;进一步完善法律法规增强该制度的法律效力;以及在多主体之间建立多渠道的多元信息交流平台,从而保证该制度公平性和合理性。

Mandatory liability insurance is recommended for high-risk industries in China, based on reviewing the experiences and lessons of environment pollution liability insurance from home and abroad. And a framework is proposed, defining main duties and function of the four groups of participants： insurers, high-risk enterprises, environment protection departments and insurance regulatory commissions. And market, expertise, regulation and discourse are identified as four keystones, which characterize the liability insurance system efficient, knowledgebased, legitimated and impartial respectively. Specifically, floating premium rate is preferred in the liability insurance system so that the market mechanism can play its regulatory role, which improves the efficiency. And mulfidisciplinary developing should provide a significant scientific basis and technological support for risk management and decision-making. Moreover, legal validity of the system can be strengthened by completing the legal and regulatory systems, and multi-source information exchanges are encouraged among multi-agents in various ways, ensuring impartiality and rationality.