农户发展农业循环经济的动力、问题及对策

Research on Motive,Problems and Countermeasures of Agricultural Cycle Economy of Farming Households

农业循环经济作为农业农村节能减排的重要抓手,引起了众多管理者和研究者的关注。农户是发展农业循环经济的直接主体之一,本文通过文献调查、实地调查、农户访谈等方法分析了农户发展农业循环经济的动力及存在的问题,并提出了相应对策。研究结果表明,农户发展农业循环经济的动力主要来自经济利益驱动、社会需求拉动、科学进步推动、社会规则推动、责任和道德驱动以及政府推动。我国农户量多、面广,具有分散性,组织化程度低,与市场、政府的交易成本较高,农业循环经济发展的各项动力对农户的作用发挥不足。调查中发现农民通过加入专业合作社具有发展农业循环经济的优势,可以克服上述不足,具体表现在:能提高农民谈判能力和组织化程度、增强抵抗风险能力、增强经济实力,更便于政府和消费者对农户生产进行监督及实现农户间相互监督,能培养和提高农民的道德和责任意识、降低和政府交易的成本。建议在发展农业循环经济的过程中,更加注重发挥农民专业合作社的纽带作用。

Agricultural cycle economy is essential to energy-saving and emission reduction in agriculture, farming households are direct main body to develop agricultural circular economy. The article analyzes the motive mechanism of agricultural cycle economy through literature review, field survey and interviewing farmers and put forward some suggestions. The result shows economic driving force, social demand, scientific and technical advance, social justice, morality and official efforts are important driving forces. As the direct main body of agricultural cycle economy, farmers are less-organized. Farmers accout for a large proportion in China population, but their exchange cost with government and market is high and driving forces of agricultural circular economy exert insufficient effect to farmers. Then driving forces are difficult to take effect in farmers. Farmers＇ cooperative organizations are important in organizing farmers, henceforth reducing exchange cost, enhancing risktaking capacity and collectivity. Those organizations are also conducive for governments and consumers to monitoring farmers＇ production and for farmers to monitoring then,selves. Hence farmers＇ cooperative organization should be paid more attention to in the course of project allocation and technical advancement.