秸秆替代煤发电的外部效应测算分析

Measurement and Analysis on Externality Effect of Power Generation Substitution of Straw for Coal

秸秆发电作为一种可再生的生物质能,具有巨大的社会和环境效益,表现出显著的正外部性特征,用秸秆发电替代燃煤发电是解决当前我国化石能源供应紧张、缓解环境危机、实现可持续发展和建设社会主义新农村的有效举措,因此开发生物质能已成为我国能源战略的重要组成部分。基于不同发电方式外部性的差异性,以及目前研究集中于环境维度、缺少发电方式外部性的综合分析和计量研究这一现实,本文从产业关联、就业、资源和环境四个维度对秸秆替代燃煤发电的外部性进行了分析,采用投入产出技术对秸秆替代煤炭发电产生的产业关联外部性和就业外部性进行计量分析,采用全生命周期理论对秸秆替代煤炭发电的各个环节资源的占用和消耗以及污染物排放的环境成本进行分析,并选择HDPI公司秸秆-煤炭混烧发电项目为案例进行实际测算,测算结果表明秸秆替代燃煤发电具有较好的外部效益。

As a kind of renewable biomass energy, straw-fired power generation shows significant positive externalities for its huge social and environmental benefits; meanwhile replacing coal-fired power generation with straw-fired power generation has become an effective solution to solve the current strained supply-demand relations in fossil energy, ease the crisis of world environment, achieve sustainable development and construct new socialist countryside, so the development of biomass energy has become an important part of the energy strategy in China. Nowadays the studies of externality of power generation concentrate on environment but lack integrative analysis and econometrics. Based on diversity of different electric power generation modes,four aspects has been selected for externality analysis which include industry correlation, employment, resource and environment. In order to analyze the power generation substitution of straw for coal, the input-output analysis is adopted for externality computation of industry correlation and employment, and lifecycle assessment theory is adopted for resource occupation and environmental cost of pollutant discharge. Finally externality computation is took in the straw-coal mixed firing power generation project of Huadian Power International Corporation Limited and the research results indicate the better externality effect of power generation substitution of straw for coal.