山地越野自行车运动训练与比赛中的生理特征

Physiological Characters of Mountain Bike Athletes in Training and Competition

在备战2008年北京奥运会的过程中,我们重视山地自行车运动项目的生理特征和训练关系的研究,并结合训练和运动员的情况应用于我们的训练中。山地越野专项训练中运动员最高心率接近个人最大心率,平均心率为个人最大心率的90%左右;在比赛出发和爬陡坡阶段要求运动员有很高的输出功率和专项力量,对无氧代谢能力要求较高;同时在全程的训练与比赛骑行中运动员应具备较强的有氧代谢能力和维持长时间高强度速率的能力;山地自行车运动员的体重是影响运动成绩的因素之一。

During the preparation for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, we carefully investigated mountain bike physiology and its relation to exercise training, and applied these physiological characters in our athletes training. During mountain training and competition, athletes reach their personal highest heart rate, and average heart rate to 90% of their maximal personal highest heart rate. At start and deep up--hill stage, there are high demands for power output and pedal strength, and a high demand for anaerobic capacity. During the whole stage of multi--cross pedaling, there are also a high demand of strong aerobic capacity and long--time maintaining of high pedaling rate. Body weigh of mountain bike athletes is also a important factor to determine mountain bike performance.