方苞的“义法”说对刘大櫆“神气”说的影响

Influence of "Yi-Fa" Theory by Fang Bao on Liu Dakui's "Shenqi" Theory

方苞对刘大櫆的影响最大,无论是在仕途道路还是学术道路。其中方苞的"义法"说对刘大櫆的"神气、音节、字句"说影响最大,从某种程度上说刘大櫆的"神气"说就是在对方苞"义法"说中"法"的深度阐释,也是刘大櫆从形式上研究"行文"的理论机制的起点。

Among the scholars of the Chinese literary school of Tongcheng, Fang Bao （ 1668 - 1749）, the founder of the school, had a great irdluence on Liu Dakui （ 1698 - 1780） in his both official and academic career. In Fang Bao′s theory, Yi, means the contents of an essay, while Fa means the forms and writing skill to express the contents. Based on this theory, Liu Dakui developed a theory about essay writing, in which he held that the standard to judge an essay should include three aspects as “Shenqi” , the spiritual style of an essay; “Yinjie” , the rhyme; and “Ziju”, the choice of words. In this paper, the author thinks that Liu Dakui′s theory is a further development of “Yi - Fa” theory set up by Fang Bao, and “Fa” is the starting point for Liu Dakui to establish his literary theory coneeming with the forms of writing essays.