中国现代化进程中的“南通模式”——张謇研究再思考

Nantong Pattern in the Modernization Process of China——A Retrospection on ZHANG Jian

中国的现代化,只能在"城市化和工业化难以吸收完大量农村剩余劳动力"的前提条件下进行,这个前提从中国近代延伸到当代依然存在。它要求发展中国经济须兼顾农业和工业,实行乡村和城市的相互补充,只有如此才有望解决单一城市化难以应对的劳动力就业、保障粮食安全和农村发展、扩大国内市场需求等发展瓶颈,而"南通模式"的精华恰恰是农业工业相互依托、共同发展。现今在江、浙、粤、闽等地蓬勃发展的产业集群与农村经济密不可分,显示出"南通模式"的发展理念不仅在中国早期现代化道路中具有开拓性,也对当前的我国现代化建设有战略性启发意义。张謇研究不应局限于单纯的近代史领域。将张謇及其事业置于古今变动的历史长河中进行整体考量,将"南通模式"与国情、时代与中国现代化道路的特征相联系进行评判,是深化张謇研究的思路之一。

The modernization of China can only be carried out on the premise of the condition that ＂the surplus suburban Work force cannot be fully utilized by urbanization and industrialization＂, which has been existing and still exists from Modern China till now. This condition demands that agriculture and industry should be attached with equal attention and the countryside and the cities should be interactive. Only in this way can we solve problems like the employment of surplus suburban work force, the security of grain safety and the development of the countryside, and the expansion of the demand of domestic market. Fortunately, Nantong Pattern shows us a mutual dependence and development of agriculture＂ and industry. The interaction between industrial clusters and suburban economy in the prospective development of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian again proves that Nantong Pattern is not only of pioneering features in the early modernization of China, but of strategic enlightening significance in contemporary China.