新闻传播体制与政治制度关系的实证分析——1949-1956年中国的政治传播

Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Mass Communication System and Political System——the Political Communication from 1949 to 1956 in China

1949-1956年间新中国的新闻事业在制度层面和运作机制上都实现了与国家机器的高度协同。新生国家政权实现了对社会直接全面的组织控制,建立起从国家领袖到普通工农群众的权力体系与沟通网络。这种控制方式直接决定了大众传播体制的组织方式。一方面大众传播媒介在组织体系上实现了国家化、机关化、新闻政治化、报导宣传化,另一方面依托政权体系建立的宣传员报告员制度、集体读报制度、广播站和收音员制度等一系列大众传播制度形成了以宣传员和报告员为骨干,层层沟通联系,覆盖全社会的国家宣传网。这一体制下,大众传播形式与工作队、宣传员和报告员等人际传播手段相结合,并依托国家政权机器的运作而放大了大众传播的社会效果,使大众传播成为大规模社会动员的机器。

From 1949 to 1956, journalism of the-newly-founded China had realized desirable coordination with the state apparatus both institutionally and operationally. The newly-founded country conducted direct and comprehensive control on the society, and established capability architecture and a communicative network for both the leaders and common citizens, which directly decided the organization of mass communication system. On the one hand, the mass communication system realized nationalization, administrationization, the politicization of jourlism and the propaganda of reports. On the other hand, institutions like propagandists, reportists, collective newspaper reading, broadcast stations and radio receivers established by political powers formed a national propaganda network of wide range. In this way, the mass communication became an apparatus for social mobilization.