近代法国农业资本主义缓慢演进的深层原因——基于一个长时段的宏观历史解释

The Underlying Causes of the Slow Evolution of the Agricultural Capitalism in Modern French——Based on the Macro-history Explanation for a Long Time

农业资本主义起源与释放是两个完全不同的问题,仅仅考察土地所有权结构的变动并不能解开近代法国农业资本主义缓慢演进的"历史之迷"。革命和战争掏空了法国整个资本主义发展的物质根基,造成工业化和城市化滞后、停顿、中断,使农业资本主义的发展失去外部动力;高价地租和高利贷资本扼制了法国农业资本化、企业化经营的进路,导致农民不分化和单项贫困化。农业资本积累和投入不足是制约19世纪法国从传统农业转向现代农业的深层原因。

The origins and the release of capitalism in agriculture are two completely different issues, so the mysteries of history of the slow evolution of capitalism will not be solved if only the changes in land ownership structure in modern French agriculture are studied. Revolution and war emptied the whole material foundation for the development of capitalism in French, and the industrialization and urbanization lagged, paused, and was interrupted, consequently the development of agricultural capitalism losing its external power; high rent and usury capital curbed the route to French agricultural capitalization and enterprise, leading to farmers＇ differentiation and individual impoverishment. Capital accumulation and limited investment in agriculture are the underlying causes of restricting the 19th century French transforming from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.