新生儿重症监护病房医院感染分析

CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

目的了解新生儿重症监护病房医院感染相关因素,探讨有效的管理、预防控制措施。方法利用回顾性调查方法,对2005—2007年发生医院感染的98例新生儿进行分析。结果医院感染率8.70%,例次感染率9.95%,医院感染部位前三位依次是呼吸系统、皮肤、口腔,分别占54.46%、12.50%,10.71%;住院时间≥7d较<7d发生医院感染明显增高(P<0.01),早产儿较足月儿更易发生医院感染(P<0.01),二者差异均有统计学意义,医院感染与新生儿性别无关(P>0.05)。结论应将新生儿重症监护病房定为医院感染目标监测的重点科室,强化医护人员的医院感染预防控制意识,加强监护管理,提高医护质量,缩短病程。加强围生期保健,防止早产对预防医院感染的发生至关重要。

Objective To investigate the correlative factors of nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care unit（NICU） and to explore the methods of effective management, prevention and control. Methods The data of 98 newborns with nosocomial infection were analyzed prospectively and retrospectively. Results The rates of nosocomial infection and the hypo- case infection were 8.70% and 9. 850/00 respectively; The primary sites of infection were respiratory canal, skin and oral cavity, which were 54.46%, 12.50% and 10.71% respectively. The infection rates of length of stay 7 or more than 7 days were higher than those of less than 7 days; the premature infants were more liability to nosocomial infection than term infants, and both of the difference had statistical significance（P〈0. 01）. However, there was no statistical significance between gender（P〉0.05）. Conclusion The NICU should be considered as the key department of nosocomial infection monitoring. To strengthen the perinatal health and prevent premature from nosocomial infection, intensive care management, strengthen control and prevention awareness of medical staff and improvement of the quality of health care to shorten the course of disease simultaneously are essential.