太行山区旱作农田土壤水分动态及水肥产量效应研究

A Research on Soil Moisture Dynamics and Production Effect of WaterFertilizer Coupling in Dryland in Taihangshan Mountain Area

研究明确了太行山地区自然降水与旱作农田土壤水分时空变异特征。农田水量平衡分析表明，生长季土壤储水呈现盈余，甘薯和谷子田分别盈余３０．６８ｍｍ和１２．７９ｍｍ，水分利用效率分别达２７．７２ｋｇ／（ｍｍ·ｈｍ２）和１１．３２ｋｇ／（ｍｍ·ｈｍ２），团棵～茎叶衰退薯块膨大甘薯关键需水期和拔节～抽穗开花～灌浆谷子关键需水阶段耗水分别占全生育期耗水的５４．１％和５０．７％。农田水肥耦合效应显著，依水高效施肥是充分提高该区作物产量和投肥效益的有效措施。

This paper dealt with the variation characteristics of precipitation and soil water in time and space in Taihangshan Mountain areas. The analysis of farm water balance showed that soil water storage was surplus in growing period for sweet potato and millet farms , with an increase of 30.68 mm and 12.79 mm, respectively. And the water use efficiency was 27.72 and 11.32 kg/(mm·hm2). The water consumption in crucial periods for sweet potato 'crop closing, stem falling and yuber expansion' as well as for millet 'jointing, earing, blooming and filling' was 54.1% and 50.7% during the entire period. The response of crop yield to water and fertilizer coupling was notable. The best effective fertilizer supply with precipitation was a mature measure to raise crop yield and fertilizer effect in this area. 