有限灌溉条件下作物——水分关系的研究

Studies on the Relationship between Crop and Water under limited Irrigation

从有限灌溉的有效性、作物吸水、光合与蒸腾、生长与产量形成和水分利用率等方面综合论述了有限灌溉条件下作物与水分的关系，认为作物对有限供水具有一定的适应性和低抗效应，适度水分亏缺时，光合作用受气孔限制而下降。但由于气孔的最优化调控，光合与蒸腾和产量与蒸散量的比值达最高，水分利用率明显提高。如何减小有限灌溉的风险性、增强人为可控性是未来节水灌溉发展的方向和研究的主要内容。

In this paper, the relationships between crop and water under limited conditions are discussed in aspects of limited irrigation effectivity, photosynthesis and transpiration, growth and yield forming and WUE. Crops have certain adaptability and resistance to limited irrigation. Under moderate amount of water deficit, the photosynthesis reduces with stoma limiting, but the ratio of photosynthesis transpiration and yield evaporatranpiration reaches the highest value and WUE increases obviously because of optimal controlling of leaf stoma. How decrease the risks and enhance artificial controlling of limited irrigation are the main subjects of watersaving irrigation in future.