黄淮平原不同多熟模式生产力特征与资源利用效率研究

RESEARCH ON PRODUCTIVITY AND RESOURCES UTILIZATION RATE OF VARIOUS MULTIPLE CROPPING PATTERNS IN HUANG HUAI PLAIN

对黄淮平原一麦三玉米、一麦二玉米和一麦一玉米三种多熟模式的产量、资源利用及经济效益状况进行了比较分析。结果表明，三种模式年亩产均超过吨粮，说明在集约栽培条件下黄淮平原亩产吨粮的现实性。三种模式产量梯度差异表明，在水肥供应基本充足的情况下，通过集约多熟种植并配合以合理调控技术是在高产基础上进一步提高产量的有效途径。一麦三玉米最高产量达２２０１ｔ／ｈｍ２（亩产１４６７ｋｇ），是在现有技术条件下接近与突破亩产吨半粮的有效种植模式之一。全年玉米总穗数增加是增产的关键。一麦三玉米模式通过接茬移栽等综合措施的有效配合，能维持较高的同化功能，光热资源利用效率提高。经济效益上表现为高投入高产出，但部分产投经济指标有下降的趋势。从综合考虑公顷产量与公顷纯收入及物质费用、用工等因素上综合评判，一麦三玉米模式总体上表现优势。

The three cropping patterns, i.e., winter wheat/spring corn/summer corn/autumn corn, winter wheat/spring corn/summer corn, and winter wheat summer corn, were analyzed from aspects of yield, resources utilization rate and economic benefit in the paper. The results showed that yield of all the three cropping patterns could surpass 15t/ha, indicating the reality of reaching 15t/ha in Huang Huai PLain under condition of intensive multiple cropping system. The yield differences among the three cropping patterns showed that intensive multiple cropping and reasonable adjustment techniques were effective ways to further increase field annual yield in this region. The highest yield of winter wheat/spring corn/summer corn/au tumn corn reached to 22.01t/ha, which was one of the effective cropping patterns to near or to top 22.50t/ha with present techniques. For cropping pattern of winter wheat/spring corn/summer corn/autumn corn, the key to yield increase was due tothe total ears added; the high assimilation rate could be maintained and light heat resources utilization rate could be increased by effective measures in combination with transplanting and other relevant practices. The economic benefit was reflected in high input/high output, but some indexes of output to input rate tended to be declining.Comprehensive judgment from the viewpoint of yield, net income, material expenses and labor employed indicated that winter wheat/spring corn/summer corn/autumncorn pattern had advantages in general.