上海市10个城市公园景观水体富营养化评价

Eutrophication evaluation of landscape waters in ten urban parks in Shanghai

2006年10月至2007年9月以叶绿素a、总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮等为主要水质指标,选用营养状态指数、多样性指数以及浮游植物优势种等生物指示法对上海市10个公园景观水体的水环境质量进行了分析和评价。结果表明,鲁迅公园、中山公园、黄兴公园、世纪公园的水体水质达到国家地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)Ⅳ类标准;杨浦公园、人民公园、静安公园、共青森林公园水体水质达到Ⅴ类标准;而长风公园及和平公园的水体水质则属劣Ⅴ类。营养状态指数法评价结果表明夏季营养状态指数最高,为中度富营养;冬季最低,为轻度富营养。静安公园水体为中营养水平,和平公园水体接近重度富营养,其他各公园水体均为轻度富营养。运用Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数评价各公园水体水质结果不完全一致,但都表明10个公园水体均受到不同程度的污染。利用浮游植物优势种评价水质结果为:除静安公园和中山公园水体外,其他各公园人工湖均面临着水体富营养化问题。

Water quality in ten parks in Shanghai city was evaluated based on such main water parameters as Chla, TN, TP, CODMn and NH3-N investigated from October 2006 to September 2007. Comprehensive trophic state index TLI（ ∑ ） , Shannon-Wiener index H, Margalef index D and phytoplankton dominant species were used to value the water trophic state. According to Surface Water Environment Criteria of China （GB3838 - 2002） , water quality of Luxun park, Zhongshan park, Huangxing park and Century park was considered as Grade IV, Yangpu park, Renmin park, Jingan park and Gongqing Forest park was considered as Grade V, neverthelessly, Changfeng park and Heping park was worse than Grade V. The evaluation result of TLI（∑ ） indicated the water quality was at meso-trophication and in summer light-eutrophication in winter. Water quality of Jing＇ an park was at meso-trophication and that of Heping park was nearly at heavy-eutrophication. The other parks were at light-eutrophication. The evaluation results on Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef index indicated that the landscape water in parks was polluted more or less. Except Jing＇ an park and Zhongshan park, the landscape water in parks was at eutrophication according to phytoplankton dominant species evalution.