草鱼免疫因子研究进展

The research progress of immune factors in grass carp

草鱼是我国主要养殖鱼类之一,但其病害较多。作为机体免疫的重要组成部分,草鱼免疫因子日益受到研究者的重视。已研究的草鱼免疫因子主要有免疫球蛋白、主要组织相容性复合物、干扰素及相关因子、肿瘤坏死相关因子、补体、趋化因子受体、凝集素、转化生长因子等;草鱼抗菌肽、转铁蛋白、正五聚体蛋白、天然抗体等免疫因子尚未见报道。草鱼中已发现的免疫球蛋白为IgM,主要在头肾、中肾和脾中表达;组成MHCⅠ复合体的MHCⅠ蛋白及β2微球蛋白具有人同源蛋白相似的结构;在干扰素及相关因子中,已研究的主要有干扰素、Mx蛋白、PKP蛋白等,病毒可诱导草鱼头肾、脾、外周血及胸腺细胞中的干扰素表达;已研究的草鱼肿瘤坏死相关因子主要有TRAF1、TRAF2、T2BP、TRAIL等;补体C3、C9及趋化因子受体等部分免疫因子的编码基因也已被克隆研究。现已进行的草鱼免疫因子研究主要为编码基因的克隆、序列分析、表达谱分析及蛋白的理化性质和生理活性检测等。对各类草鱼免疫因子的研究现状分别进行了概述。

Grass carp is one of the most important cultured fishes in China. But compared with other main cultured fishes, it has weaker resistance to many pathogens. Immune factors have been emphasized by more and more researchers in recent years because of their important roles in immune system. Immune factors studied in grass carp include immune globulin, MHC, interferon and correlation proteins, tumor necrosis factors and correlation proteins, complements, chemotatic factor receptors, lectins and transforming growth factors. IgM is the only immune globulin found in grass carp, and it is expressed in head kidney, trunk kidney and spleen mainly. Components of MHC Ⅰ , including MHC Ⅰ heavy chain and β2 microglobulin, all have structures similar to its counterpart in human. Interferon, Mx protein and PKP protein are main interferon correlation factors studied in grass carp. Virus can induce interferon expression in cells from head kidney, spleen, blood and thymus in grass carp. TRAF1, TRAF2, T2BP and TRAIL all belonging to tumor necrosis correlation factors have been studied. The encoding gene of complements C3 and C9, chemotatic factor receptors and some other immune factors have been cloned and grass carp have been mainly focused on the cloning of encoding analysises, studies of physical and chemical properties and presented a review about studies on types of immune factors in studied also. Researches on immune factors in genes, sequence analysises, expression pattern physiological activity until now. This paper grass carp.