自由贸易区与多边贸易体制的冲突和协调——基于优惠原产地规则的经验分析

Free Trade Agreement and Multilateral Trade System:Conflicts and Coordinations

多哈谈判的失败使区域一体化组织成为许多成员国选择的发展战略。由此,自由贸易区原产地规则的职能也发生了一定变化,即在最初确定商品是否享有优惠待遇资格、防止贸易偏转等职能的基础上增添了反映区域成员国的利益、与生产阶段紧密结合的职能。这种职能的变化致使自由贸易区优惠原产地规则充当了区域贸易的保护工具,加大了区域贸易的转移效应、降低了全球福利水平,与多边贸易体制之间产生了一定的冲突。然而,优惠原产地规则推动并提高了区域内部的开放度和自由度,与多边贸易体制的宗旨相一致,使二者具有了协调的基础。成员国之间需要采用渐进性、累积性的原则实现与世界贸易组织层面的优惠原产地规则相协调,以便促进自由贸易区与多边贸易体制的共同发展。作者认为,中国-东盟自由贸易区原产地规则需要进一步调整,须完善区域服务贸易原产地原则,并采用渐进性和累积性原则逐渐消除对成员国产生的非对称性影响。

The failure of the Doha round of negotiations has made the WTO members turn to regional integration organizations.As a result,the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) expanded upon the original rules and their functions. The original rules have become an instrument of regional trade protection,both increasing the transitional effect of regional trade and reducing the global welfare level,which conflicts with the multilateral trade system. However,preferential origin rules promote and increase the openness within a region,which provides bases for establishing harmony between the FTA and the multilateral system. The original rules of China’s AFTA should be likewise adjusted with particular attention paid to those regarding service trade. In this way,China can eliminate its non-symmetric effects on the member nations by taking progressive and cumulative measures.