30年我国农村金融体系变迁与体制改革的问题探讨——兼论广东农村金融体制改革的深化路径

An Approach to the Problems in the Change of Chinese Rural Financial System and the System Reform in the Last 30 Years

二元体制下农村金融的非均衡供给是导致城乡贫富差距拉大的重要因素。尽管随着30年改革农村金融需求的有效性逐渐增长,供给对农村需求的关注程度逐渐增加,但需求与供给双向有效性不足,供给尚未以需求为导向。深化改革必须从提高供需有效性入手,既构建需求导向、多元适度竞争、小型区域化农村金融体系,又创新供需对接的信贷模式,并通过政策性农业保险和信用担保构建风险分担机制,通过农村公共品的倾斜性供给优化金融生态,提高农村地区的投资收益率。

The unbalanced rural financial supply under the dual system is a critical factor causing wealth difference between town and countryside. Although the efficiency of rural financial demand has progressively increased, and the supply tends to concern more about rural demand, currently the efficiency of demand and supply are both insufficient, and the supply is not yet guided by demand. To deepen the reform, starting with enhancing the efficiency of demand and supply is of great importance. Based on the demand, the small rural financial system should be constructed with appropriate multifactor, and the credit model matched with supply and demand should be innovated. Meanwhile, the financial ecology should be optimized with the inclined rural public products supply, and financial return should be increased through building the policy -related agricultural insurance and the credit guarantee system.