我国城市燃气市场的竞争格局与对策

Competition situation and strategies on the urban gas market in China

我国城市燃气行业发展迅速,垄断与竞争并存,随着国有企业进入下游市场和西气东输二线工程的实施,城市燃气市场活跃着地方国有企业、港资企业、中央企业、民营企业。城市燃气市场目前存在的问题:①天然气占一次能源消费比例偏低;②各级管网等基础设施建设相对滞后;③城市燃气定价机制制约其发展;④城市燃气管网安全运行存在隐患;⑤城市燃气市场管理不规范,监管不严。为此,以政府宏观调控为导向、优化资源配置为基准、满足民用气市场为目标、避免行业垄断为原则,通过波特五力模型分析了我国城市燃气市场的竞争格局。针对上述问题提出了对策与建议:①国家和地方政府应鼓励城市燃气市场竞争、完善城市燃气行业法律体系和机构建设、建立合理定价机制;②国企应深化企业改革,承担责任,坚持一体化发展,避免不正当竞争;③民企应加强市场开发,做到有序竞争,保证稳定供应,确保安全。

City gas is developing rapidly in East China and monopoly and competition co-exist at present.with the state-owned companies entering into the downstream market of natural gas industry,and the project of the West-to-East Gas PipelineⅡ being put into practice,some other companies invested by Central government,local governments,Hong Kong,and civilians are all active in Chinese city gas market.This paper first pointed out current problems in this market as follows:a.at present,natural gas consumption takes up very low percentage of China's primary energy composition;b.all-level infrastructure construction of city gas grid lags behind the demand;c.pricing mechanism constraints the city gas development;d.there is potential safety hazards in the operation of present urban gas grid;e.neither strict supervision nor standard administration react on the urban gas market.Then based on the direction of the government's macroecnomic control,aiming at satisfying the domestic gas use,simultaneously trying to avoid monopolizing and to optimize the resources distribution,this paper analyzed the competition situation of the urban gas market by the Michael Porters Five Forces Model.Aiming at those problems mentioned above,this paper finally puts forward following strategies and proposals:a.fair and reasonable competition should be encouraged in this market,while a rational pricing system,related laws and regulations,and corresponding agencies should all be completed;b.state-owned enterprises should keep on reform and take responsibility for the integrative development and good environment of this market;c.private enterprises should focus on market development while managing to ensure safety at first,and meanwhile keep the market in good order and with steady supply.