从托勒密埃及国王的经济管理透视专制王权

The Perspective on Despotism through the Researching of the Economic Management by the King in Ptolemaic Egypt

纸草文献表明,托勒密埃及的国王拥有强大的经济权威,拥有土地的分配与开发、农业生产、产业生产、贸易、货币和银行以及税务的征收、分配和使用等的最高权力,依靠大批官僚来执行对经济活动的管理,把全国的经济收入视为自己的私有物,掌握了强大的经济实力。托勒密国王掌握这种强大经济权力的一个重要原因是,他们被所有臣民看做是法老的继承者和神之子。托勒密国王依靠强大的经济权力和经济实力掌握了全国行政、司法、宗教、军事等最高权力,确保了专制王权统治的建立与发展,使托勒密埃及专制王权表现出了自己的特点。

The papyri documents show that the authority of the king in economy was very powerful in Ptolemaic Egypt. The king had the tiptop power of managing land, agriculture, industry, trade, coin, bank and tax. With the aid of large quantities of bureaucrat, the king successfully allotted and opened up the land, and managed the producing process of agriculture, industry, trade, coin, bank and the collection, distribution and use of tax. And the king took all the ingathering of the whole country as his own belongings, so he had the powerful economic strength. One of the important reasons that the king had the strong powers of managing economy was that the Ptolemaic king was regarded as the successor of the Pharaoh and the son of the god by all the subjects. Based on the economic power and strength, the king kept a firm hand on the tiptop power of administration,judicature, religion and military affairs, etc. , and set up the reining of despotism. The despotism in Ptolemaic Egypt had its own characters.