美国印第安人的土地私有化

Land Privatization of the American Indians

19世纪末期以来的美国土著土地私有化,是在改革派和渴求土地的西部利益群体的支持和拥护下实现的,故而具有双重目标,即在夺取印第安人土地的同时,推动土著民族融入美国主流社会。它不仅实现了大量土著土地所有权向白人手中的转移,而且造就了为数众多的被同化印第安人。从这个意义上说,土著土地私有化并没有失败。真正失败的其实是印第安人事务改革派的人道主义目标,因为无论是攫取印第安人土地,还是同化印第安人,都使印第安人付出了沉重的代价。

Land privatization of the American Indians since the late 19th century was supported by both the reformers of Indian Affairs and the interest groups of the American west. So it had two goals., one was deprivation of native land and another assimilation of the American Indians into the mainstream society. This movement not only satisfied the Whites＇ desire to acquire much Indian land, but also produced lots of assimilated Indians. Thus from this point of view, it did not fail as many U. S. historians saw. What really failed was the humanitarian aims of this movement, because whether acquisition of Indian land or assimilation of the American Indians made Native Americans pay a heavy price economically, culturally,and psychologically.