浅析笛卡尔分析方法对法约尔管理理论的影响

Descartes' Analytical Method's Influences on Fayol Management Theory

作为管理过程学派的创始人,法约尔将管理看成一个过程,并试图通过分析其中的要素,以建立普遍的管理原则和组织理论。法约尔将企业活动划分成六种活动,并把这六种活动中的管理活动划分成五种要素,在此基础上总结出管理的十四项原则,从而奠定了管理过程学派的基础。这种将整体划分为部分,从研究部分来达到认识整体的方法,实际上就是笛卡尔所创立的分析方法。这种方法把事物分解成若干部分,抽象出最简单的因素,找出这些部分的本质属性和彼此之间的关系,然后再以部分的性质去说明复杂事物,从而达到认识复杂事物的目的。

As the founder of management process school, Fayol regards management as a process and attempts to establish common management principles and organizational theory through analyzing the elements in the process. Fayol divided business activities into six activities, and then divided management activities in the six ones into five elements. On the basis of this, he summerized the fourteen principles of management, which layed the foundation of the management process school. This method which divides the whole into parts, and then recognizes the whole through studying parts is really the analytical method that was established by descartes. This method divides things into several parts, abstracts the most simplest elements, find out the essential attribute of these parts and the relations among them, then explain complexity with the attribute of parts so as to achieve the purpose of understanding the complexity.