生姜精油、浸膏和油树脂的提取及成分分析

Analysis and Extraction of Essential Oil,Concrete and Oleoresin from Ginger

为比较不同方法提取姜油的得率和成分差异,用气质谱联用技术对水蒸气蒸馏、乙醇浸提和超临界CO2萃取所得姜油进行了比较分析。结果表明,不同方法的姜油得率和化学成分差异较大:姜油得率依次为超临界CO2萃取法(4.67%)、乙醇浸提法(3.75%)和水蒸气蒸馏法(0.95%)。从水蒸气蒸馏所得精油中鉴定出68种成分,主要是呈现芳香性气味的倍半萜类化合物(相对质量分数,下同,63.46%)和单萜类化合物(34.91%);从乙醇浸提所得浸膏中鉴定出41种成分,主要是呈现辛辣味的姜辣素类化合物(86.41%),其中主要为6-姜酚(16.86%)、6-姜烯酚(16.58%)、姜油酮(17.68%);从超临界CO2萃取所得油树脂中鉴定出77种成分,挥发性的萜类化合物和非挥发性的姜辣素类化合物分别占总质量的59.31%和40.69%,具有浓郁的芳香气味和强烈的辛辣味。

In order to compare the difference of extraction rate and chemical composition by various extraction methods for extracting ginger oil from ginger, the essential oil, concrete and oleoresin, obtained by steam distillation, ethanol leaching and supercritical carbon dioxide were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry technique. The results indicated that the extraction rate and chemical composition were significantly different among these three kinds of ginger oil. The ginger oil extraction rate by steam distillation, ethanol leaching and supercritical carbon dioxide were 0. 95 % , 3.75% and 4.67% ,respectively. 68,41,77 compounds were identified in these three kinds of ginger oil, respectively. The ginger essential oil obtained by steam distillation was mainly the sesquiterpenoids （63.46%） and the monoterpenoids （34.91%） responsible for the distinct aroma;the ginger concrete obtained by ethanol leaching was mainly the pungent compounds （86.41%） responsible for the pungent aroma, 6-gingerol （16. 86% ） ,6-shogaol （16.58%） and zingerone （17.68%） among them; the ginger oleoresin obtained from supercritical carbon dioxide contained abundant non-volatile ginger pungent compounds （40.69%） and abundant volatile terpenoid compounds（59.31% ）, and presented intensely the aroma and pungency of ginger.