农村家庭储水现状与风险因素研究

Present Situation of Rural Household Storage Water Quality and Risk Factors in China

目的了解农村家庭储水卫生现状及影响家庭储水水质的风险因素。方法于2007年采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法抽取东、中、西部8个省的8个县40个乡镇,对农户的家庭储水现状进行现场调查,对存储前、后的水质进行比较分析,并采用Logistic回归对影响家庭储水水质的风险因素进行筛选。结果有95.05%的农户采用专门的储水器盛装饮用水。储水器材质以搪瓷和塑料的居多,分别占40.53%和34.19%。取水容器材质主要以塑料制品为主,占62.31%。经过储存后饮用水中的菌落总数、总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群合格率明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,储水器周围存在污染源、外部不清洁、储水器破裂泄漏、储水器无盖或盖不严(清洁)、不经常清洗储水器、取水器皿暴露和储水时间过长是造成水中菌落总数超标的主要因素。各地居民均存在有饮用生水的情况,占60.11%,有89.11%的农户对目前的饮用水满意或基本满意。结论农村家庭储水条件较差,是影响农村饮水安全性的主要风险因素。

Objective To know the present situation of household storage water quality and tile influencing factors. Methods A total of 40 villages and towns in the eight counties of eight provinces in the east, middle and west of China were selected for the survey according to multilevel stratification random sampling in 2007. Water quality was tested and compared before and after storage. The logistic regression was used to screen the influencing factors. Results 95.50% of families used specially designed containers to store drinking water. Most households water storage tanks were made of enamelware and plastic, accounted for 40.53% and 34.19% respectively. Most water-fetching utensils were made of plastic,accounted for 62.31% of the total survey. Significant increase of bacteria count, total coliform, thermotolerant coliform was observed compared with the water quality of before storage （P〈0.05）. The logistic regression showed that the source pollution, uncleanness of the outer parts of containers, fracture or leakage of storage containers, the lidless storage container, the untight/unclean lid, seldom cleaning-up of the storage container, the exposure of fetching water utensils and overtime storage were the main risk factors which resulted in the bacteria count exceeding the standard limits. Most farmers have the habit of drinking raw water,accounted for 60.11%. 89.11% of farmers were very or partially satisfied with the drinking water quality. Conclusion The dinking water quality at household storage level is poor and there are some risk factors influencing storage drinking water quality, safe storage of household drinking water is an important issue in drinking water safety in rural areas in China.