明代徽商与官府、客地居民和乡邻的关系——从明代话本小说看徽商拓展生存空间的方式

The Relationship of the Huizhou merchants and the Ming Dynasty government officials,the People in Alien and the Folks

明代话本小说中多有涉及徽州商人活动的描写,展现了处在上升时期经济实力日益雄厚而政治优势无多的徽州商帮的生存状况。这一时期的徽州商人以种种方式拓展生存空间:攀附、行媚官府官员;积极融入经商客地;乡人为伴相互扶助;血缘宗族为系共同经商。其间,有奔波营运的艰辛、远离故土的孤寂、官府凌逼的无奈,也有雄资在握、富甲一方的骄傲和便利。话本小说以其近乎史料的真实描写,反映了徽商在当时社会条件下的生存状况。

Huizhou merchants were frequently described in the colloquial stories of the Ming Dynasty, which revealed their living condition with increasingly strong economic strength but little political influence. During this period, they utilized every means to expand their lives. They made friends with government officials, immersed themselves in cultures where their business was located, provided support for townsmen, and managed family business with fellow kinsmen. While proud of their abundant wealth, Huizhou merchants also endured hardship in business operation, loneliness away from home and helplessness due to officials＂ oppression. Factual description from the colloquial stories bore witness to the value transformation and the way of the world at that time.