“好不好”附加问的话语情态研究

On the Discourse Modality of the "hao-bu-hao" Tag Question

"好不好"附加问有两种话语功能:寻求允可与提请注意,"好不好"附加问的"提请注意"功能应该是由"寻求允可"功能演变而来的,标志着"好不好"已经虚化为一个话语标记,用以阐明其所附加的话语与交际情境之间的连贯关系。此外,它还表明了说话人对所作的陈述以及对听话人的立场和态度。"好不好"的这一演变过程是一个由表达主观性的道义情态意义发展到认识情态意义、再到表达交互主观性的意态意义的过程。

An investigation of ＂hao-bu-hao＂ tag questions in a corpus of naturally occuring Mandarin conversations reveals that it has three uses which are best understood in terms of discourse modality. The three uses can be classified into two main kinds corresponding to its two grammatical functions. The first function is ＂seeking permission from the hearer＇ and here ＂hao-bu-hao＂ may be replaced by other ＇seeking permission＇ tags like ＂xing-bu-xing＇： The other function evolves from the first one and may be described as ＇reminding the hearer of a specific point＇. Here ＂hao-bu-hao＂ cannot be replaced by tags like ＂xing-bu-xing＂. With this newly-appearing function, ＂hao-bu-hao＂ is used as a discourse marker indicating the discursive relationship between the utterance to which it is attached and the interactional context. This paper argues that the grammaticalization of ＂hao-bu-hao＂ from a tag to a discourse marker evidences two general tendencies in grammaticalization, that is, from deontic modality to epistemic modality and from subjectivity to intersubjectivity.