环境库兹涅茨曲线研究述评及启示

A Literature Survey on Environmental Kuznets Curve

环境保护与经济发展的矛盾一直是争议较多的话题。现有研究将环境库兹涅茨曲线产生的原因主要归结为环境质量需求的收入弹性、规模、技术和结构效应、国际贸易、外商直接投资以及历史突发事件等因素作用的结果。实证方面,与人类健康直接相关的环境质量指标通常随收入的增加而改善,不同的数据类型对实证结果也有较大影响,因而在验证经济发展和环境质量的关系时要选择恰当的指标和数据类型。

The relationship between environmental protection and economic development has long been a controversial issue. This paper presents a literature survey on Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC）, which includes genesis, explanations and empirical evidence of EKC. We find： on the one hand, these factors lead to EKC, including income elasticity of environmental quality demand, scale, technological and composition effects, international trade, FDI and history accidents. On the other hand, from the empirical literature of EKC, the environmental quality indicators improved with public health. Moreover, Different data type will lead to different empirical result, so it is important to choose suitable indicators and data.