走出违宪审查的迷思——当今中国宪法进入诉讼的路径分析

Out of Constitutional Review——The Path of Applying the Constitution in Lawsuits

当今中国法学界关于宪法进入诉讼的讨论被凝结为"宪法司法化"的术语,并进而将"宪法司法化"等同于"违宪审查"。然而,在现行政治体制与权力配置框架下,我国法院不可能拥有违宪审查的权力,因此让宪法进入诉讼的路径是行不通的,但这并不意味我国宪法在司法实践中真的"无路可走"。相反,根据宪法的规定,我国法院负有维护宪法尊严,保证宪法实施的职责,只要我们能够走出"违宪审查"的迷思,宪法进入诉讼的路径不但存在,而且还很宽阔。借鉴域外的相关经验,结合中国的实际情况,当前中国宪法进入诉讼的具体路径包括合宪性解释、发挥宪法的第三者效力、行使法规的选择权、提请违宪审查。

The discussion of applying the Constitution in lawsuits is summed up as the term ＂Judicialization＂, and then people make this word an equation of ＂constitutional review＂. But under the current political system and power configuration environment, the courts do not have the right of constitutional review. Thus the judicialization of constitution through the way of constitutional review is not practical. Anyhow, there is a way in constitutional practice. According to the Constitution, all courts have the responsibility of uphold the dignity of the Constitution and ensure its implementation. So there is a broad path of applying the Constitution in lawsuits. Consider both the experience of other countries and the condition of our country, the methods include： constitutional interpretation, the third Potency, the power of choose regulations, and submit for constitutional review.