重庆铁山坪残存常绿阔叶林群落结构及动态研究

Structure and Dynamics of the Remnant Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest on Mt.Tieshanping in Chongqing

重庆都市区铁山坪国家森林公园内残存常绿阔叶林是中亚热带低海拔地区典型的常绿阔叶林.选择代表性地段,设置了2 000 m2的永久样方,并应用相邻格子法进行每木调查.对群落的结构进行了分析,划分了基于主要树种种群结构的特征种组,以此为基础,结合树种的生物学、生态学特征,分别讨论了其更新类型,同时对调查群落所处的演替阶段进行了诊断,并进一步探讨了其多样性特征.基于胸径级频率分布,将各树种的种群年龄结构归纳为5种类型,同时,依据树冠深度随树高的变化,将各树种的种群树冠结构归纳为3种类型.在此基础上,将群落内主要树种归纳为6种特征种组类型,各特征种组类型均对应相应的更新方式.最后分析得出该群落已处于演替的顶级阶段,具有重要的生态价值.

The remnant evergreen broad-leaved forest fragment in Tieshanping National Forest Park in Chongqing is one of the typical evergreen broad-leaved forest types distributed in the hilly and lower moun- tainous regions in mid-subtropical China. This type of evergreen broad-leaved forest has seldom been re- ported and the fragment is very rare for its survival from the quick urbanization process. In this study, a 0.2-ha permanent plot （29°37. 606′N, 106°41. 737′E） was established in the fragment and was divided in- to 20 subplots in 2006. All the trees taller than 1.5 m were identified and measured to quantify the com- munity structure of the forest. Five population age structure types were categorized based on the DBH size-class frequency distribution patterns of the tree species. Three population crown structure types were categorized based on crown depth and tree height. Then six species types were categorized according to the population age structure types and the population crown structure types. Every type of trees had its own successional niche and homologous regeneration type. The community was classified as a climax communi- ty and it was a right model and rich species source for the restoration of damaged vegetation in the regional scale,