供应商数量对公司经营绩效的影响

The Impact of the Number of Suppliers on Operating Performance

如何对供应库进行优化日益成为企业的重大战略问题之一,而最常见的供应库优化的实践则集中于供应商数量。本文从交易成本、供应商响应度、供应风险和供应商创新等四个方面分析了供应商数量对公司经营绩效的影响,认为供应商数量与原材料存货管理的效率和公司总体经营绩效之间均成倒U形关系。当公司对大量供应商逐渐进行缩减时,交易成本和供应风险降低,同时,供应商的响应度和创新提高,由此导致其经营绩效的改善;但是,当供应商数量缩减到某一个点后,供应商数量的继续缩减则导致供应风险的增大和供应商创新的下降,从而导致其整体经营绩效的下降。

The optimization of supply base has increasingly become a top strategic issue for manufacturers,and the most commonly observed supply base management practice was focused on the number of suppliers the focal company maintained in its supply base. Issues surrounding the supply base optimization have been extensively studied. Based on literature review,we postulate a positive quadratic relationship between the number of suppliers and the operating performance. With the reduction of the number of suppliers the transaction cost and supply risk decreases,and at the same time the supplier responsiveness and innovation increases, which result in improvement on focal company＇ s operating performance. However,when the supply base size is reduced to a critical level,any further reduction lead to increase in supply risk and decrease in supplier innovation,which impairs the focal company＇ s operating performance.