110例四川汶川地震灾区伤员心理状况调查研究

An investigation on psychological problems of 110 woundeds in Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan

目的调查四川汶川地震灾区伤员的心理状况,探讨重大自然灾害事件对灾区伤员心理状况的影响情况。方法采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、自制的灾区伤员一般情况调查表、睡眠情况调查表以及心理应激调查表,对110例四川汶川灾区伤员的心理状况进行调查。结果灾区伤员SCL-90各因子分均高于正常人群,差异有显著性(P<0.05),其中,躯体化、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖性因子分与常模相比较,差异十分显著(P<0.01)。HAMA总分>14分的有16例(14.5%);HAMD总分>20分的有21例(19.1%);睡眠量表总分>7分的有65例(59.1%);应激量表总分>10分的有51例(46.4%);具有明显的创伤后综合症并且符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)中创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状学标准的有9例(8.2%);符合CCMD-3脑器质性精神障碍诊断标准的1例。结论地震对灾区伤员心理的影响是普遍而严重的,为灾区伤员提供早期的确当的心理治疗和干预是十分必要的。

Objective To explore the relationship between the heavy natural disaster and the psychologic influence through investigating the psychologic status of the 110 woundeds of Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan. Methods The 110 woundeds of Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan were assessed by SCL-90, HAMA, HAMD and three self-made questionnaires including general state of health, sleep, psychological stress. Results In the 110 woundeds of Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, there was significant difference between the investigated group and the normal group （P 〈 0.05） in scores of all the SCL-90 factors, especially on these factors such as somatization, depression, anxiety and phobia（P〈0.01）. In 16 cases（14.5% ）, HAMA total scores exceeded 14, In 21 cases（19.1% ）, HAMD total scores exceeded 20, In 65 cases（59.1% ）, the sleep total scores exceeded 7, In 51 cases（46.4% ）, the psychological stress total scores exceeded 10, and 9 cases（8.2% ） had obvious post-traumatic syndrome and accorded with PTSD symptom criteria of CCMD-3. Moreover, one case accorded with brain organic mental disorder＇s symptom criteria of CCMD-3. Conclusions Earthquake disaster have general and severe impact on human psychology, so the woundeds of Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan should be followed up regularly, and the prompt and standard psychological intervention should be provided.