视域差与翻译解释的度——从哲学诠释学视角看翻译的理想与现实

Horizon Gaps as the Determinant of Interpretive Degree in Translation: A Perspective from Philosophical Hermeneutics

翻译标准要求译者在翻译中应把握理想的解释度,翻译现实则表明,翻译中实际的解释度常会偏离理想的解释度。理想的解释度和实际的解释度均与视域差有关:目的语文化与源语文本的视域差影响理想的解释度,译者与源语文本的视域差影响实际的解释度,译者与源语文本的视域差以及译者与目的语文化的视域差则是导致实际的解释度偏离理想解释度的根本原因。理想的解释度是一种动态的存在,它与目的语文化和源语文本的视域差成正比。

In translation, the actual degree of interpretation often deviates from the ideal one required or expected by the translation criteria, and the deviation is caused by a number of horizon gaps. Since the gap between the target culture's and the source text's horizons determines the ideal interpretive degree and that between the translator's and the source text's horizons accounts for the actual degree, the gaps between the translator's and the target culture's horizons as well as between the translator' s and the target text's horizons result in a deviation of actual degree of interpretation from the ideal one. The ideal degree of interpretation, as a dynamic concept, is in direct proportion to the width of the gap between the target culture's and the source text's horizons.