翻译规范教学与拉康的话语理论

Translation Norms and the Hystericization of Mastery

本文借鉴雅克·拉康区分的四类话语(主人话语、学院话语、分析家话语、癔症话语)以探讨翻译规范教学的一种新方法。吉登·图里的规范理论显然根植于主人话语,这不足为奇,因为大多数关于翻译的传统思维均不加批判地内化了支配思想。丹尼尔·西蒙尼于1998年在对图里的规范理论进行批评时指出,翻译具有许多规范,而为了确定以何种规范支配自己当前的工作,职业译者往往必须对所接受的翻译任务的本质进行批判性思考,这属于学院话语的范畴。如何使学生从不假思索地服从大多数传统理论采用的主人话语转向学院话语提倡而又是现代翻译市场所要求的那种批判性思维?本文认为教师必须通过援用分析家话语,引导学生从主人话语阶段经由癔症话语阶段而过渡到学院话语。

The paper explores a new approach to teaching translation norms by looking at Jacques Lacan's four discourses: of the master, the university, the analyst, and the hysteric. Gideon Toury's norm theory is grounded in the master's discourse, which is not surprising, because most traditional thinking about translation does involve the uncritical internalization of mastery. In his 1998 critique of Toury's norm theory, Daniel Simeoni notes that there are many norms for translation, and professional translators often have to think critically about the nature of the task they've been given in order to establish which norm governs their current job: this would be the university's discourse. But how to get students to move from the unthinking submission to the master that is typical of most translational discourse to the university's critical thinking that is required by the modern translation marketplace? The paper suggests that the teacher must invoke the analyst's discourse in order to guide students from the master's discourse, through the hysteric's discourse, to the university's discourse.