不同类型早熟桃、油桃采后贮藏效果研究

Research on Keeping Quality of Different Flesh Types of Prunus persica L.(Bastch.)

【研究目的】为弄清不同肉质类型桃、油桃在采后常温和低温条件下果实硬度和重量的变化及自发气调包装对硬度和可溶性固形物含量的影响,【方法】以不同肉质类型的桃、油桃果实为材料,对不同贮藏条件下果实硬度、失重和SSC含量等的变化进行了调查分析,【结果】结果表明:(1)常温下24-30和春蜜桃果实硬度下降较慢,而中油桃5号、中油桃10号较快,在冷库低温条件下,24-30、中油桃5号和中油桃10号两周后硬度出现迅速下降,而曙光和春蜜桃在贮藏后即迅速下降,带皮硬度与去皮硬度之间有一定差异,但变化趋势基本一致;(2)MA包装能有效地延缓采后桃、油桃果实硬度的降低,在常温及低温条件下均是如此,不同肉质类型间差异明显,曙光和春蜜非常敏感,而中油桃10号则不太敏感,即MA包装对其果实硬度降低的延缓没有其它品种明显;(3)采后桃、油桃果实的SSC含量均有一定的降低,低温下该过程较慢,MA包装在常温下有加剧SSC下降的趋势,低温下则不明显,这可能与常温下采后立即进行MA包装不利于"田间热"及呼吸热的及时散发而加剧呼吸有关。(4)桃、油桃采后果实失重明显,低温有助于大大减缓贮藏桃、油桃的失重,常温下1天的失重相当于低温条件下1周的失重,不同类型品种表现有一定差异,常温下曙光失重较慢,而冷库低温条件下春蜜桃失重要快于曙光和中油桃10号。【结论】不同类型桃、油桃采后果实硬度变化差异较大,硬肉型桃采后硬度下降较慢,具有较长的货贺期;采后低温和合理包装能有效延缓果实硬度变化和失重。

Effects of post-harvest cold storage and Modified Atmosphere Package on fruit hardness（FH）, weight losing（WL） and soluble solid content（SSC） of different peach or nectarine varieties were investigated. The results showed that： （1） In room temperature, FH of ＂24-30＂ and ＂Chunmi＂ went down slower than ＂Zhongyoutao No.5＂ and ＂Zhongyoutao No.10＂. In cold storage, ＂24-30, FH of Zongyoutao No.5＂ and ＂Zhongyoutao No.10＂ descent quickly after 2 weeks of storage while that of ＂Shuguang＂ and ＂Chunmi＂ quickly descent just after storage. （2） MA package could effectively slow down the decreasing of FH. There were obvious differences among different varieties while ＂Zhongyoutao No.10＂ was less sensitive than others. （3） SSC went down after harvest and the procedure was slower in lower temperature. In room, MA package descendent of SSC. This may result from that the package could prevent the diffuse of seems accelerate the heat and promote the respiration. （4） The WL was obvious after harvest and the cold storage could greatly slow down it. There were some differences between different types of varieties. There were obviously differences in fruit hardness among varieties of different flesh types. Hardness of Hard-melting flesh type peach/nectarine descent slower and has better keeping quality. Postharvest cool storage and good package are effective to retain fruit hardness and weight.