德州市土壤肥力变化及分析

Dezhou Soil Fertility Change and Analysis

调查分析德州市土壤肥力变化规律,为黄淮海平原地区中低产土壤科学施肥提供依据。20年进行3次大规模土壤肥力分布状况调查,按照高中低和不同土壤类型分类布点,共采取土样63546个,监测化验8万多项次。结果表明,全市土壤养分结构发生了变化,有机质有所增加但含量偏低,氮素不足,含磷量虽然增加幅度较大,但施用磷肥仍然具有显著的增产效果。速效钾含量由1982年以来的逐渐减少变为1998年以后的逐渐增加。部分土壤微量元素缺乏呈上升趋势。土壤肥力分布不均,范围较广,虽然经过耕作、施肥和灌溉,土壤肥力有所提高,但高产土壤分布面积较少,中低产土壤仍然占有相当大的比例,改良利用和培肥的潜力还很大。根据各种农作物的需肥规律及肥料特性,实行测土配方施肥技术,在增施有机肥料的基础上,本着稳氮、稳磷、补施钾及微肥和农作物缺什么补什么、缺多少补多少的原则,达到土壤供肥与农作物需肥的基本平衡。

Investigation and analysis of soil fertility changes in Dezhou City, for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in the low-yielding areas to provide a basis fertilization of soil science. 3 to 20 years the distribution of large-scale survey of soil fertility, according to high, medium and low classification of soil types and different points, a total of 63 546 soil samples taken, and monitoring of testing a number of times 80 000. The results showed that the structure of soil nutrients in the city has changed, but the increase in organic matter content is low, less than nitrogen, phosphorus increase although the quantity of a larger, but the application of phosphate fertilizer is still a significant effect of the increase. K content since 1982 gradually reduced since 1998 to gradually increase. The lack of some trace elements in the soil tended to rise. Uneven distribution of soil fertility, a wider scope, after of high-yielding area of the tillage, fertilization and irrigation, soil fertility has increased, but the distribution soil less, in the low-yielding soil is still a considerable proportion, improving the use and potential for fertility great. A variety of crops in accordance with the laws of the needs of fertilizer and fertilizer characteristics, the implementation of soil testing Fertilization technique by organic materials on the basis of the nitrogen in solid, stable phosphorus, potassium and microelement fertilizer added and what crops up missing what, neither of the number of the principles of the number of fill to the soil and fertilizer for crops to be basically balanced fertilizer.