光学与太阳能

Optics and Solar Energy

开发资源丰富、可再生、清洁的新能源是全球一项紧迫的战略任务。在概述现有能源技术的基础上,从光学和光学技术角度重点对太阳能的直接利用、太阳能电池以及太阳能分解水制氧进行了分析。指出了利用简单有效的太阳能跟踪聚焦系统,以及耐热、低损耗、低成本和宽光谱传输的空芯塑料光纤,可以加大对太阳能的直接利用和普及推广;在太阳能电池方面,应重点研究和发展各种薄膜太阳能电池,采用对可见、紫外和红外光谱吸收的、具有不同带隙的复合材料和采用多结器件,以进一步提高电池的转换效率和降低成本;在太阳能分解水制氢方面,应该把直射到地球表面的、从紫外-可见-红外的宽太阳光谱,利用空腔辐射器作一个变换,转换成绝大部分位于水分子有强烈吸收带的红外区。同时利用催化剂(敏化剂),对水进行红外光催化分解反应,或者利用红外多光子离解这有可能取得工业化规模制氢的突破。

In view of the world＇s ever-increasing demand for energy, limitation of usable fossil fuels and the impact of large exhaust pollutant on the environment during their use, there is an urgent need to exploit new energy sources that are plentiful, renewable and clean. This paper introduces briefly energy source technologies now available, centres on the analyses of direct utilization of solar energy, solar cells and the decomposing water hy solar energy from the optical and optical technolagical point of view. Direct utilization of solar energy can be expanded through a system of tracing and focusing sunlight with simplicity and low cost in combination with the heat-resisting, broad band transmissive, low-loss and inexpensive hollow-core plastic fibers. In solar cell field, the stress should be put on the research for various film solar cells except for improving the efficiency and reducing the cost for crystalline silicon solar cells. In decomposing water by solar energy, in order to obtain hydrogen, the stress should be put on the research for decomposing water by light catalysis. By means of transforming solar radiation spectrum into brightness maximum to be located in infrared region by using the cavity radiator, the most spectra can be absorbed by water, and which provides a new technological way to be probably worthy of exploration.