论医疗损害侵权行为归责原则的配置

On the Arrangement of the Imputation Principle of Medical Tort

我国现行法上,医疗损害侵权行为采过错推定的归责原则。学界对此问题有四种不同的看法。侵权责任法草案二次审议稿,是否采过错推定,也存在着疑义。笔者认为,二次审议稿的问题在于没有正确处理基础事实和推定事实的关系。在立法论上,应当将医疗损害侵权纳入侵权法的规范体系中。过错责任原则具有道德贬抑性,存在行为安全区。医疗损害侵权行为应当采过错责任,举证责任上则采过错推定。损害是基础事实,过错是推定事实。

Presumption of fault liability is the imputation principle of medical tort in positive law. There are four different opinions among the academic community in China. Whether the 2nd draft of Tort Law adopts the presumption of fault liability principle is still in dispute. In the author＇s opinion, the 2nd draft of Tort Law has a problem, i.e., it doesn＇t deal with basic fact and presumed fact correctly. In legislation, medical tort should be brought into the criterion system of tort law. The fault liability principle gets a morally depreciating property and leaves a safe district for people＇ s act. Medical tort should take the fault liability principle and presumption of fault as its imputation principle. Damage is the basic fact, and fault is the presumed fact.