与月骨相连韧带的生物力学研究

Biomechanical research of the ligaments connected with lunate

目的探讨与月骨相连韧带的生物力学特性。方法成人新鲜腕关节标本14侧,供体年龄18～40岁,身高156～180cm,双侧腕关节均未受外伤。分别观察舟月骨间韧带、月三角骨间韧带、桡月韧带、尺月韧带和桡舟月韧带的形态结构,并在SWD-10型材料实验机上,以5mm/min的定速率拉以上韧带直至韧带断裂,测定断裂时韧带承受的断裂强度和刚度。结果舟月骨间韧带和月三角骨间韧带呈"C"形,半环形分布于舟、月骨和月、三角骨的掌、背侧以及近侧;桡月韧带、尺月韧带和桡舟月韧带纤维为纵形排列。月三角骨间韧带的断裂强度(372.5±48.7)N和刚度(175.0±37.6)N/mm2最大,与其他各韧带比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。舟月骨间韧带背侧部的断裂强度明显大于其掌侧部。在桡尺骨远端与月骨连接的韧带中,尺月韧带的断裂强度(217.3±35.2)N和刚度(63.6±18.9)N/mm2最大,而桡舟月韧带的断裂强度(52.1±13.6)N和刚度(13.4±4.6)N/mm2最小。结论近排腕骨内在韧带的断裂强度和刚度较桡尺骨远端与月骨连接的韧带大,韧带的解剖结构和生物力学特性与其生理功能密切相关。

Objective To investigate the biomechanical properties of the ligaments connected with lunate. Methods Fourteen wrist joints from 7 frozen fresh male adult cadavers were selected, whose age was 18 ~40 years and whose height was 156 - 180 cm. There were no injuries to their wrists. The follow ligaments were observed： the scapholunate interosseous ligament, lunotriquetral interosseous ligament, radiolunate ligament , ulnolunate ligament and radioseapholunate ligament. By the SWD-10 material-testing machine, we were able to measure the maximum tension and stiffness loaded by the above ligaments when they were stretched with a certain 5 mm/min ratio until their disruptions. Results The seapholunate interosseous ligament and lunotriquetral interosseous ligament were both ＂C＂ shape, attaching to the volar, proximal and dorsal joint surface. The radiolunate ligament , ulnolunate ligament and radioseapholunate ligament were obliquitous fibers. Lunotriquetral interosseous ligament had the highest broken load of （372. 5 ±48. 7） N and the largest broken length of （175. 0 ±37.6） N/ram2. The broken load and broken length differences were all significant among the ligaments （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Among the ligaments attached to the distal radius and wrist lunate, ulnolunate ligament had the greatest maximum tension and stiffness （ 217.3 ±35.2 ） N and （ 63.6 ±18.9 ） N/Into2, While radioscapholunate ligament had the least tension and stiffness （52. 1 ±13.6 ） N and （ 13.4 ±4. 6 ） N/mm2. Conclusions In the above ligaments, the maximum tension and stiffness of proximal intercarpal ligaments are greater than those of ligaments between lunate bones and the distal radius and ulna. The anatomical structures and biomechanieal features of the ligaments were closely related with their physiological functions.