河北省作物秸秆资源及其利用状况分析

Analysis on Crop Straw Resources and Its Current Status of Utilization in Hebei Province

近年来,作物秸秆资源利用问题已经成为人们越来越关注的热点问题。利用河北省农业统计数据并且结合2005～2006年度河北省农户调研数据,对河北省秸秆资源数量进行了估算,并且分析了2005～2006年河北省作物秸秆利用状况。结果表明:2006年河北省秸秆数量在4 500万t左右,其中小麦和玉米秸秆数量占秸秆总资源数量的80%以上。在秸秆利用方面,该研究分别从秸秆还田(包括秸秆直接还田和秸秆堆肥还田)、饲料、生活能源(包括秸秆直接作燃料和做沼气)、原料(秸秆造纸等)、焚烧(包括秸秆田间焚烧和地头焚烧)以及堆弃6个方面进行统计,2006年河北省秸秆还田、饲料和生活能源比例分别为40.7%、24.2%和22.5%。主要作物秸秆中,小麦秸秆还田比例超过50%,达到57.7%,玉米秸秆还田比例也在38.4%。从不同地区来看,以小麦为例,秸秆还田比例从24.7%到96.3%差异较大,小麦秸秆还田地区主要集中在河北省中南部地区。

The utilization of crop straw has become a growing concern over the hot issue in recent years. Using the Agricultural Statistics of Hebei Province and farmers research data in 2005 and 2006, the amount of straw and analyz status of utilization of crop straw in Hebei Province was estimated. The results showed that the total amount of crop straw was 45 Mt in which the wheat straw and corn stalks accounted for 80% in Hebei Province in 2006. And the ways of using straw were divided into 6 types, including returning straw to farmland （included straight returning and making compost） ! fuel （included straight burning and biogas）, fodder, raw material of industry （included making paper, et al. ）, setting fire （included in the farmland and near the farmland） and throwing aside. The percentage of straw used as straw returned to farmland, fodder, fuel were 40.7%, 24.2% and 22.5% respectively. Among main kinds of crop straw, the percentage of wheat straw returned to farmland in the total amount of wheat straw was 57.7%, and the corn stalks was 38.4%. From different regions of Hebei Province, taking the wheat straw for an example, there was a large difference from 24.7% to 95.3% in the percentage of wheat straw returned to farmland, and the main areas of wheat straw returned to farmland were at south - central region in Hebei Province.