粮经果复合垄作改善紫色坡耕地土壤的研究

Research on the Improvement of Hilly Purple Soil through the Ridge Tillage Technique of Grain Crop,Cash Crop and Fruit Tree

[目的]为有效利用土壤水资源,发展紫色丘陵区旱作农业生产提供服务。[方法]以聚土垄作和农林复合为基础,营建坡耕地粮经果复合垄作模式,并进行3年土壤水分状况的定位观测。[结果]粮经果复合垄作模式形成4年后,垄土0～15、15～30 cm土层容重比平作对照相应土层容重分别减少了8.46%和11.27%,而垄土孔度分别比对照增加了10.18%和11.81%。雨日后不同土层水分含量的动态变化监测结果表明,同一观测日土壤含水量粮经果复合垄作>纯粮平作;粮经果复合垄作模式与纯粮平作方式比较,雨日后第2、4、8天土壤含水量增幅分别达6.86%～22.34%、14.72%～23.16%、21.46%～42.92%;雨日后2、4、8 d土壤含水量的递减率粮经果复合垄作<纯粮平作;不同土层含水量的变化率粮经果复合垄作>纯粮平作。[结论]粮经果复合垄作能有效改善坡耕地土壤结构,利于土壤保持适宜的水分。

[ Objective ] The technical services for the efficiency utilization of soil.resource and upland crop production was provided. [ Method ] Based on the ridge and compound cultivation of crop and fruit tree, the model of grain crop, cash crop and fruit tree planting in slope land in hilly area was established and the moisture-testing in soil of position samples was conducted for three years. [ Results ] The experimental result indicated that 8.46% and 11.27% of the bulk density of the soil in 0 - 15 cm ridge soil and 15 - 30 cm land in depth was reduced after the model was clone for four years. The test of the moisture-containing in different soil levels after raining showed that the moisture-containing on same day was the experimental soil 〉 single grain crop planting. In the experimental soil, 6.86% - 22.34%, 14.72% - 23.16% and 21.46% -42.92% of the moisture-contalning was raised on the second, fourth and eight clay after raining. The reduction of the moisture-containing on the second, fourth and eight clay after raining was the experimental soil 〈 single grain crop planting. The variation of the moisturecontaining in different soil levels was the experimental soil 〉 single grain crop planting. [ Conclusion ] The compound cultivation of crop and fruit tree, the model of grain crop, cash crop and fruit tree planting could effectively improve the soil structure for the optimal moisture-containing in soil.