三聚氰胺泌尿系统结石大鼠模型的研究

Research on Urinary Calculus Models on Rats Induced by the Melamine

目的观察工业原料三聚氰胺连续给药诱发SD大鼠尿结石的成模情况。方法60日龄SPF级SD大鼠130只，雌雄各半，体质量（200＋24）g，随机分为给药5个组和空白对照组各20只，溶媒对照组10只。给药组分别给予三聚氰胺0．05、0．1、0．2、0．3、0．4g／（kg·d）连续灌胃；溶媒对照组灌胃10g／L甲基纤维素蒸馏水2mL／（只·d），空白对照组灌胃无菌水2mL/（只·d）。采用体视显微镜观察大鼠肾脏、输尿管和膀胱形态改变，比较各组肾脏、膀胱的质量和脏器指数，观察大鼠CREA、BUN、UA、Ca、P、Mg含量变化。结果0．4g／kg组给药20d，0．2、0．4g／kg组给药30d，肌酐高于空白对照组；0．4g/kg组给药30d，尿素氮、尿酸高于空白对照组。给药20d各组血钙、磷、镁均偏低。给药30d，0．05、0．2、0．3、0．4g／kg组左肾质量比空白对照组增加。各组肾脏大小、颜色均与正常对照组比较接近，未见结石和明显黄色沉淀物，但有部份肾脏在皮、髓质交界处有点状或片状出血灶。输尿管未见结石。部分膀胱粘膜充血，部分雄性大鼠出现膀胱结石，其中给药20d各组雄性大鼠出现率为52％（13／25），30d各组出现率为56％（14／25），膀胱结石颜色多为淡黄色混合白色、白色。结论（0．05～0．4）g/kg三聚氰胺连续给药30d，对肾脏损害轻微，可诱发雄性大鼠产生膀胱结石。

Objective To observe the effect of urinary calculus induced by the Melamine fed on rats per day from 1 day to 30 days. Methods 130 SPF SD rats were randomized into 5 Melamine groups with 20 rats per group, the solvent control group with 10 rats and the blank control group with 20 rats. The rats of the 5 Melamine groups were fed the Melamine with the dosage range of 0.4 g/（ kg·d）, 0.3 g/（ kg·d）, 0.2 g/（ kg·d ）, 0.1 g/（ kg·d） and 0. 05 g/（ kg·d）, respectively. The rats of the solvent control group were given 2 ml of 10 g/L methylcellulose distilled water by gavage per day. And the rats of the blank control group were given 2 mL of distilled water per day. The morphological changes of kidneys, ureters and bladders on rats were observed by naked eyes and stereomicroscope, The body weight and organs index of each group as well as the level of serum CREA, BUN, UA, Ca, P, Mg were compared. Results The levels of CREA in the medication groups [ 0.4 g/（ kg·d） after medication of melamine for 20 days,0.2 g/（kg·d）, 0.4 g/（kg·d） after medication for 30 days] were higher than those in the blank control group. The levels of BUN,UA in the 0.4 g/（kg·d） group after medication for 30 days were higher than those in the blank control group. The levels of Ca, P, Mg in 5 medication groups after medication for 20 days were lower than those in the blank control group. The weight of left kidney on rats in 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 g/（kg·d） groups after medication for 30 days were higher than those in the blank control group. The shape and colour of kedney in 5 medication groups were normal compared of the blank control group.The urinary calculus and yellow precipitates were not found in kidneys and ureters. But the punctiform and patchy hemorrhagic focus were odserved in some kidneys between cortex and medulla. Some congestion in the mucosa of bladder was found. The bladder calculus induced by the melamine were found in some male rats and the appearance rate was 52% （13/25）on 20th days as well as 56% （14/25）on 30 th days in 5 Melamine groups. The colour of the bladder calculus was yellow-white or white. Conclusions The male rats were fed the melamine with the dosage range of （0.05 - 0.4）g/（kg·d） for 30 days. Some male rats appearance the bladder calculus and the damage in kedneys were slight.