世界非燃料矿产资源的开发与环境保护

UTILIZATION OF NONFUEL MINERAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE WORLD

本文回顾了世界非燃料矿产资源开发的历史，阐述了矿产资源的开发与环境保护的关系。虽然非燃料矿产有巨大的消耗，但是世界储藏量反而有所增加。一方面是由于新矿脉的勘探、采矿和金属回收技术的提高、替代产品的不断涌现；更重要的是环境保护的需要和土地利用政策的改变限制了一些矿场的开采。在不同发达程度的国家情况有所不同，特别是不发达国家的经济发展与环境保护的矛盾仍很突出。

This paper reviews the consumption history of the world nonfuel mineral resources and demonstrates the relationship between mining activities and environmental protection. Despite prodigious consumption, global reserves of nonfuel minerals have increased. This is not only because of the exploration of new mineral deposits, the development of mining technologies and metal recovering methods, and the discovery of substitute products, but also because of the increasing environmental concerns and the improved land use policies. The situations are quite different among countries, and the conflict over the economic development and the environmental protection is still a big problem especially in developing countries.