曹魏士家家庭管窥

A Brief Review of the Family of Shijia in Cao-Wei Period

曹魏时期的兵制被史学界称作士家制度。曹魏士家家庭规模一般较小,每家约有四口人左右,以核心家庭和主干家庭为主。士家的婚姻实行内婚制,但事实上并不十分严格,政府还采取一些措施对士家的婚配进行保护。士家生育后代,为曹魏提供了兵源。士家屯田,为政府做出了经济贡献。士家想除去士籍是非常困难的,但尚有上升为平民的可能,其地位比西晋以后的兵户略高。

The military system of Cao-Wei Period was called Shijia system. The size of these families was usually small. It had about four members on average. These families were almost nuclear family or stem family. They usually got married among Shijia system, but it was not very strict. The government took some measures to protect their marriage. Shijia families procreated babies, which offered sources of soldiers. Shijia also worked on the farm, which contributed to economy. Shijia had their own army roll. It was very difficult for them to get rid of the roll, but still had some chances. The status of Shijia was a little higher than soldiers after Western Jin Dynasty.