不同施肥量对百农矮抗58花后干物质积累与分配的影响

Effects of Fertilizer Amount on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Wheat Cultivar BN AK-58

以百农矮抗58为材料,研究了其花后干物质积累与分配规律,结果显示:不同肥力水平下,百农矮抗58籽粒干物质积累基本呈直线上升,地上部分干物质积累成S形曲线增加,籽粒干物质积累速度与地上干物质积累速度成正相关。地上各部分干物质的移动率和对籽粒的贡献率不同,移动率从大到小依次为叶、茎、鞘。运转率由大到小依次为茎、叶、鞘。在高肥(A)、超高肥(C)水平条件下,降低氮肥施入能够增加各自籽粒干物质重量。在极高肥(C)条件下,籽粒干物质与地上部分干物质积累于花后40d均明显下降,减施K肥影响干物质移动率和运转率。在高肥-超高肥力水平范围内,施肥对地上部分和籽粒干物质积累有明显促进作用,干物质积累量随着肥力的升高而增多。超高肥标准施肥水平(C1)为充分挖掘百农矮抗58产量潜力的最优施肥处理。

Wheat cultivar BN AK-58 was used to study the laws of dry-matter accumulation and allocation. The results showed that dry matter accumulation of grain presented a linear upward trend basically. The dry-matter accumulation of above-ground part presented an S-type curve. There was positive correlation between dry matter accumulation of grain and above-ground part. The transport rate and contribution rate to seed of each organ above ground were different, the order of transport being leaf 〉 stem 〉 sheath and the order of dry-matter accumulation being stem〉 leaf〉sheath. The decrease of nitrogen amount could increase the dry-matter weight of grain for fertilizer treatment A and B. For treatment C, the dry-matter accumulation of above ground part and grain decreased distinctly after 40th days of flowering, so its economic yield and biological yield were lower than other two treatments. In the yield level of A to B, fertilization had significant effects on dry-matter accumulation of above-ground part and grain. The dry-matter accumulation increased with increasing soil fertility. The fertilizer application treatment C1 was the best for fully exploiting the yield potentiality of BN AK-58.