甘肃省会宁县高一学生六种矿物元素营养状况调查与评价

Nutritional Investigation and Evaluation on Six Minerals of Students in Huining Senior Middle School

为进一步改善和提高学生的身体素质和营养状况提供科学依据,调查并评价了会宁县高一学生机体钙、铁、锌、铜、镁、磷6种矿物元素营养状况,包括:随机整群抽样法选取研究对象;24 h回顾法结合称质量法、记账法[1 2],收集被调查者连续7 d的食物摄入情况;采集清晨空腹静脉血测血清磷含量以及指端末梢血测钙、铁、锌、铜、镁含量,同步测量体格发育状况(包括身高、体质量和胸围)和智力相关指标(联合瑞文IQ值)。结果表明,调查对象血液中6种矿物元素含量在性别间的差异均具显著性(P<0.05),全血锌和全血铁含量低于参考值低限的百分比女生多于男生,其余男生多于女生;32.25%的男生和13.89%的女生全血钙含量低于参考值;不足1%的全血镁含量低于参考值低限;血清磷含量均在参考值低限之上;全血铜含量城乡分布存在差异(P<0.05)。调查对象膳食铁、钙和锌摄入量在性别间的差异存在显著性(P<0.05),调查对象膳食摄入量99%以上钙未达到适宜摄入量,20%左右锌、铜、镁未达到适宜摄入量。调查对象瑞文IQ值性别间差异不明显。多元回归分析显示锌、磷、镁含量的多寡对该地区学生智力发育有较大的影响,而磷、镁、钙对体格发育有较大的促进作用。膳食供给中80%的钙、90%的铁、85%的锌、90%的磷来源于植物性食物。可见调查对象6种矿物元素血中营养水平未达到参考值的人数和膳食摄入量未达推荐摄入量的人数均较多。膳食矿物元素供给主要来源于植物性食物,动物性食物摄入过少,建议因地制宜,合理地调控食物供应,增加动物性食物的供给,同时对当地人群进行营养教育,以便于进一步提高当地学生健康水平。

To investigate and estimate the subject＇s mineralsal nutriture on Ca, P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mg, So as to provide scientifically based to improve body quakity of domestic students, the subjects were selected with method of cluster random sampling. The data about food intake in seven days was collected using the methods of the 24 - dietary recall, together with accounting, weighing. Venous blood was collected on an empty stomach to measure serum phosphate and to do c. b. c - complete blood count to examine Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mg in peripheral blood of finger tip. Simultaneously, to measure physique growth （weight, height, chest circumference ） and indicate related intelligence （scores in Raven Standard progressive Matrices）. The results showed that there existed significant difference between gender in these six miners in the subjects blood （P 〈 0. 05 ）, more men than women whose values of Zn and Fe in blood were lower that reference values, respectively, nevertheless, others were reverse. About 32. 25% of male and 13.89% of female had lower values of blood Ca than its reference value and no more than 1% of participate had blood Mg lower than its reference value. Serum P was in the range of reference value. Furthermore, remarkably difference in blood Cu was existed between rustic and town. The difference of dietary intake of Fe, Zn and Ca in male and female was significant （P 〈 0. 05 ）, 99% of subjects＇dietary Ca intake was not reach adequate intake （AI）, and 25% of Cu, P and Mg were not up to AI respectively. There was no significant difference in IQ value between males and females. It was reflected by multiply linear regression that Zn, P and Mg played an important part in intelligence development, and P, Mg and Ca do a vital role in physical development. Reference to the sources, 90% of Fe, 80% of Ca, 85% of Zn and 90% of P stemmed from vegetarian food. It concluded there had more participates that these six miners in blood were lower than reference value, and intakes were not reaching to the dietary recommend intakes. Dietary minerals supplied mainly came fiom plants, and animal food was consumed less. It is suggested to take actions that suit local circumstances and to reasonably regulate and control food supply. And increasing the animalistic food supply. Simultaneously, do nutritional education to local people, so as to improve health level of local infants, students and adults.