RS与GIS支持下的桓仁县农村居民点景观格局与空间分布特征分析

Analysis of Landscape Pattern and Spatial Distribution Feature in Huanren County by Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System

运用RS和GIS技术以及景观分析方法,以辽东山区桓仁县各乡镇农村居民点为研究对象,选取斑块数、斑块面积、斑块密度、平均斑块面积、面积加权平均斑块分维数5个景观指数,从居民点用地、规模、形态、分离度4个方面进行景观空间格局分析;并从居民点空间分布与地形地貌、土壤侵蚀、经济发展3个方面进行居民点空间分布特征研究.结果表明:桓仁县农村居民点呈现出用地比重偏少,聚落斑块数量多、平均斑块面积小,大部分规模较小,分布稀疏零散,分维数小、斑块稳定,分离度较大的景观格局;桓仁县居民点分布与海拔、坡度均呈"倒数"关系,与土壤侵蚀呈较明显的线性关系,与经济发展关系密切.

Based on RS and GIS, as well as FRAGSTATS, this paper discussed the spatial distribution and spatial structure of landscape type of rural settlement in Huanren County. In this paper number of patches, area of patches, density of patches, mean patch area, area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension are calculated, in order to analyze proportions of rural residential land and scales, fractal dimension, distances of rural settlements. What＇s more, the relationship of settlement spatial distribution and topography, soil erosion, economic development is discussed. The results indicate that： There are low land proportions, much patch numbers, small area of mean patch, small scales, fragmented distribution, small fraetal dimension indices, stable patch and greater separation of rural settlement in Huanren. Settlement distribution in Huanren has the ＂countdown＂ relationship with elevation and slope, and it has obvious linear relationship with soil erosion, and it has close relationship with economic development.